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Levothyroxine is an artificial thyroid hormone used to Treat hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn’t manufacture enough thyroid hormone. Mechanism Of Action  Levothyroxine acts just like the endogenous thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4, a tetra-iodinated tyrosine derivative). in the liver and kidney, T4 is converted to T3, the active matter. so as to increase solubility, the thyroid gland attaches to thyroid hormone binding proteins, thyroxin-binding globulin, and thyroxine-binding prealbumin (transthyretin). Transport and binding to thyroid hormone receptors within the cytoplasm and nucleus then takes place. so by acting as a replacement for natural thyroxine, symptoms of thyroxine deficiency are alleviated. Side effects  The additional common side effects of levothyroxine will include: tiredness,weight loss, augmented appetite,excessive sweating, heat sensitivity,hyperactivity, headache,irritability, nervousness,mood swings, anxiety, sleep disorder (trouble sleeping),muscle weakness,tremors,hair loss (usually temporary), menstrual irregularities,vomiting, diarrhoea and stomach cramps whereas Serious side effects embrace the following: heart attack and heart failure. Caution Before taking levothyroxine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you’re allergic to it; or if you have got any other allergies. This product might contain inactive ingredients, which might cause sensitivity or different issues. Also Tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical record, particularly of: decreased adrenal gland function, increased thyroid hormones (thyrotoxicosis), diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart illness (such as coronary artery disease, irregular heartbeat). Pregnancy Research shows that it’s safe to take levothyroxine throughout pregnancy, although it’s possible your doctor can change your dose of levothyroxine throughout your pregnancy.Still, It’s better To ask your doctor if you’re pregnant, might become pregnant, or are breastfeeding before taking levothyroxine. Dose For adult hypothyroidism, levothyroxine is started at 12.5-125 mcg/day administered orally. starting doses and dose changes might differ with individual patients based mostly upon age, the presence of cardiovascular illness, the development of tolerance. Levothyroxine tablets, capsules, and dry powder ought to be kept at a temperature, 15 C to 30 C (59 F to 86 F) in a very light-resistant, tight container.

Promethazine (HCl) is an antihistamine, employed in the treatment of hypersensitivity reaction and allergic conjunctivitis and for prevention of allergic reactions to blood or plasma in patients with a better-known history of such reactions, promethazine (HCl) is employed as an antiemetic to stop nausea and vomiting. and additionally used for pre-operative and postoperative sedation. Promethazine will cause breathing issues in young kids. It mustn’t be employed in children younger than 2 years. In children this age, this drug might cause slowed respiration that may lead to death. Caution ought to be used once giving this drug to children older than 2 years. Also, this drug mustn’t be utilized in children who are taking alternative medicine that may cause slowed breathing. Mechanism Promethazine works by preventing the release of a substance referred to as histamine from certain cells in your body. histamine is generally released once you’re exposed to things you’re allergic to, like pollen, dander, mold, or chemicals. Like other H1-antagonists, promethazine competes with free histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites in the digestive tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. The relief of nausea seems to be related with central anticholinergic actions and should implicate activity on the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. Promethazine Side effects Common Side Effects of promethazine Include;Drowsiness, Dizziness,Dry mouth,Stuffy nose, Blurred vision,Constipation, Ringing within the ears,Impotence or hassle having an orgasm, Weight gain while Serious Side Effects of this drug include; Uncontrolled movements of your eyes, lips, Restlessness or feeling edgy or agitated, tongue, face, legs, or arms, Uncontrolled shaking, trouble with balance or walking, issues swallowing or drooling, Seizure, Feeling like you may pass out, Pale skin, Vision issues or raised sensitivity to light, Fever, Bruising or bleeding easily,Hallucinations, influenza symptoms,Nausea/stomach pain,Sore throat,jaundice, Skin rash, issues with urination,Swollen glands, Joint pain and swelling. Pregnancy There aren’t any adequate studies of promethazine in pregnant women. Administration of antihistamine within two weeks of delivery might have an effect on platelet function in the newborn. It is not better-known whether or not promethazine is excreted in breast milk. Dose Allergic reactions are treated with 6.25-25 mg orally three times daily. one 25 mg dose administered at bedtime additionally may suffice. A 25 mg injection is additionally used. Nausea and vomiting may be managed with 12.5-25 mg administered orally by injection each 4-6 hours as required.

Tamsulosin used for Relieving the urinary symptoms of an enlarged prostate, additionally referred to as benign prostate hyperplasia or BPH. Tamsulosin helps improve symptoms like eager to pass urine frequently or desperately, however, having a weak flow of pee or being unable to entirely empty the bladder when you do go. Mechanism Tamsulosin is an alpha-adrenergic blocker and works on the adrenergic receptor. Adrenoceptors within the prostate, prostatic urethra, prostate capsule, and bladder neck. A minimum of three separate alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes are identified: alpha-1A, alpha-1B, and alpha-1D; Their distribution differs between human organs and tissue. About 70th of the alpha1-receptors in human prostate are of the alpha-1A subtype. Tamsulosin works by relaxing the muscles in your bladder and prostate By Blocking of those receptors causes relaxation of smooth muscles within the bladder neck and prostate. This helps improve the flow of your pee. Tamsulosin Side effects The more common side effects that occur with tamsulosin include: dizziness, headache, runny nose, cough, diarrhea, back or chest pain, reduced semen, sore throat or trouble swallowing and loss of energy or muscle strength While Serious side effects and their symptoms will include the following; (painful, lasting erection),abnormal ejaculation, flu-like symptoms,low blood pressure once changing positions that causes you to feel faint,or dizzy,lightheaded, blurred vision,allergic reaction, with trouble breathing, fever, swelling of your throat or tongue, rash, itching, or hives. Precautions Before taking tamsulosin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you’re allergic to it; or if you have got any other allergies. This product might contain inactive ingredients, which may cause hypersensitivity or alternative problems. discuss with your druggist for additional details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or caregiver your medical record, particularly of low blood pressure, certain eye problems (cataracts, glaucoma). Tamsulosin Dose The recommended beginning dose is 0.4mg once daily about a half-hour after the same meal time on a daily basis.When taken on an empty stomach, more of the medication is absorbed.This could cause a greater impact and probably a drop in blood pressure.The dose is also raised to 0.8 mg once daily after 2 to 4 weeks if the response isn’t adequate.

Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication an imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. it’s like an antibiotic but is employed to treat yeast (fungal) infections.Oral clotrimazole is employed to treat and stop yeast infections of the mouth and throat(Oral Thrush). Clotrimazole comes in the form of a Topical solution, vaginal pill, vaginal cream, Oromucosal solid And Topical Lotion. Uses It prevents the expansion of several types of fungi by preventing interfering with the production of the membrane that surrounds fungous cells. it’s used locally on the skin, inserted vaginally or allowed to dissolve within the mouth for local fungal infections. Mechanism They cause weakness of the fungal cell membrane by preventing the formation of ergosterol by inhibition of enzyme cytochrome P-450.This Will Kill The fungus. Apart From This They also inhibit the human cytochrome P-450 enzyme but to a lesser extent. Clotrimazole Side effects Clotrimazole might cause side effects like itching, irritation, burning, redness, swelling, fever, foul-smelling discharge if using the vaginal product stomach pain and upset stomach or regurgitation with the lozenges (troches). Precautions Used With caution if you’re allergic to it; or to different azole antifungals such as econazole,ketoconazole, or miconazole; or if you have got any other allergies. This product might contain inactive ingredients, which might cause hypersensitivity or other issues. talk to your pharmacist for additional details. Pregnancy Although clotrimazole isn’t best-known to be harmful to Pregnant women or babies, studies in women in their second or third trimesters of pregnancy have demonstrated no ill effects. No information is available in pregnant women throughout their first trimester you should solely use medicines on the advice of a doctor whereas you’re expecting or breast-feeding a baby. Clotrimazole Dose Recommended Adult Dose for Treatment of Oral Thrush is 10 mg orally 5 times on a daily basis for 14 days and for prophylaxis of Oral Thrush is 10 mg orally 3 times on a daily basis for the period of chemotherapy. Usual recommended pediatric (3 years and older) Dose for Treatment of Oral Thrush is 10 mg orally 5 times on a daily basis for 14 days and for Prophylaxis;10 mg orally 3 times on a daily basis for the period of chemotherapy OR till steroids are reduced to maintenance levels.

Metolazone is a diuretic drug (“water tablets”) employed in the treatment of high blood pressure and fluid accumulation. It works by obstruction salt and fluid retention by the kidneys, thereby increasing the urinary output of salt and water (diuresis). Mechanism Diuretics act within the kidneys. They work by inflicting the kidneys to increase the number of salts, like sodium and potassium, that are filtered out of the blood and into the pee. once these salts are filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, they draw water alongside them. As diuretics increase the removal of salts from the blood, they conjointly cause a lot of water to be drawn out of the blood and into the urine. Metolazone acts primarily to inhibit sodium reabsorption at the cortical diluting site and to a lesser extent within the proximal convoluted tube-shaped structure. sodium and chloride ions are excreted in about equivalent amounts. The exaggerated delivery of sodium to the distal tubular exchange site leads to raised potassium excretion. Metolazone doesn’t inhibit carbonic anhydrase. The antihypertensive mechanism of action of metolazone isn’t absolutely understood however is likely to be associated with its saluretic and diuretic drug properties. Metolazone Side effects The most common side effects that occur with metolazone include blurred vision, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, headache, xerostomia whereas Serious side effects include; hypersensitivity, Heart issues, Liver problems and Nerve problems. Precautions Use with caution in individuals with reduced liver function, elderly individuals, individuals with a history of gout or high levels of uric acid in their blood,Decreased excretory organ function, Diabetes,an inflammatory disease of connective tissue ,People on a low salt (sodium) diet, individuals with high levels of fats (lipids) such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood (hyperlipidaemia), and other people who are undernourished, Hereditary blood disorders referred to as porphyrias. Not to be used in People whose kidneys aren’t producing urine, People with reduced levels of consciousness as a result of liver cirrhosis of the liver,People with a high level of Ca in their blood,People with low levels of potassium or sodium in their blood (hypokalemia or hyponatraemia),Gout, individuals allergic to thiazide diuretics,Addison’s disease and other people allergic to medicines from the sulphonamide group, eg the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. Dose Usual Adult Dose Of Metolazone for Edema of Cardiac Failure 5 to 20 mg tablet once daily for  Edema of Renal Disease  5 to 20 mg once daily And Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension the Dose Should be  2.5 to 5 mg once daily.

Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used for the maintenance treatment of bronchial asthma, to alleviate symptoms of seasonal allergies and stop exercise-induced breathing issues. it’s typically administered orally. Leukotrienes are the mediators of inflammation and are formed by the effect of lipoxygenase enzyme on the arachidonic acid.Leukotrienes are synthesized by eosinophils, Basophils, Mast Cells and macrophages.They Can Cause Bronchoconstriction, Oedema Of bronchial mucous membrane and increased mucous secretion. Montelukast is commonly used as a leukotriene receptor antagonist.They Block the receptors for Leukotriene D4(LD4 Receptors). The more common side effects which will occur with use of montelukast include: upper respiratory infection (infection within the nose or throat), fever, headache, sore throat, cough, stomach pain, diarrhea, earache or ear infection, flu, runny nose, sinus infection, urinary incontinence in kids whereas Serious side effects and their symptoms will include the following: Behavior and mood changes, Increase in eosinophils (white blood cells), systemic vasculitis (inflamed blood vessels), exaggerated bleeding. Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Uncontrolled muscle movements.   Take montelukast once a day, in the evening. The dose for adults is one 10 mg pill. If montelukast has been prescribed for your kid, the dose will rely on their age: it’s 4 mg for youngsters aged between 6 months and 6 years, and 5 mg for kids aged between 6 and 15 years. The 10 mg (adult) pill will be swallowed with a drink of water and might be taken either before or after food. They are especially useful in children, due to their oral administration.Montelukast can be used in children of 6 years or more in age. It is pregnancy Category B Drug and there are limited human data accessible. it’s most likely compatible. If you’re thinking that there has been an overdose, call your poison center or get medical aid promptly. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and once it happened. Store at room temperature off from light and moisture. don’t store within the bathroom. Keep all medications away from kids and pets.

Cyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxer that relieves pain and discomfort caused by sprains, strains, and different muscle injuries. It doesn’t directly act on the synapse or the muscle however relieves muscle spasms through a central action, probably at the brain stem level. cyclobenzaprine binds to the serotonin receptor and is taken into account a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist that reduces muscular tonus by decreasing the activity of descending serotonergic neurons. The more common side effects of this drug will include: dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, fatigue, nausea, constipation, heartburn while Serious side effects may include ; Heart issues, and Serotonin syndrome. The usual recommended dose of cyclobenzaprine dose is 15 or 30 mg once daily using extended release tablets or 5 or 10 mg 3 times daily using immediate release tablets .   Avoid if you’re allergic to that, or if you’ve got, congestive heart failure; a heart rhythm disorder, or you have recently had a heart attack; heart block; or a thyroid disorder. Don’t take cyclobenzaprine if you have taken; monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) in the last two weeks. The combination of an monoamine oxidase inhibitor with cyclobenzaprine will turn out very serious, potentially serious side effects. Cyclobenzaprine has been classified as pregnancy category B by the Food and Drug Administration. category B medication haven’t been shown to cause teratogenicity or fetal abnormalities in animal studies however usually haven’t been fully evaluated in humans. category B medication like cyclobenzaprine ought to be given throughout a pregnancy only if the physician determines that the risks are less than the advantages of the drug’s actions. Take the incomprehensible dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it’s nearly time for your next scheduled dose. don’t take further drugs to make up the missed dose. Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permissible to 15-30°C (59-86°F).

Amlodipine is a well-known calcium channel blocker with a range of applications. This article provides an in-depth look at its uses, potential side effects, dosage recommendations, and more. I. Introduction to Amlodipine Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that plays a pivotal role in managing high blood pressure (hypertension). It possesses the ability to prevent heart diseases, heart attacks, strokes, and is also utilized to alleviate angina-related pain. II. Pregnancy and Nursing Considerations While Amlodipine serves as a valuable medication, its usage during pregnancy, lactation, and among children requires careful consideration. This section delves into the existing knowledge and precautions surrounding these scenarios. III. Mechanism of Action Understanding how Amlodipine functions is crucial. This section explains how Amlodipine blocks calcium entry into specific tissues and arteries, facilitating better blood flow and reducing blood pressure. Additionally, it explores its impact on heart attack and stroke prevention, as well as chest pain management. IV. Side Effects A detailed examination of the side effects associated with Amlodipine is essential for informed use. Here, we categorize common and serious side effects, shedding light on their frequency and severity. Common Side Effects: Headache Dizziness Flushing Pounding heartbeat Swollen ankles Serious Side Effects: Stomach issues Yellowing of the skin or eyes Chest pain V. Recommended Dosages This section outlines the recommended dosages of Amlodipine for various medical conditions and age groups: Adults: Hypertension: 5 mg initially orally once daily, followed by a maintenance dose of 5 to 10 mg orally once daily (Maximum dose: 10 mg/day). Angina Pectoris and Coronary Artery Disease: 5 to 10 mg orally once daily as a maintenance dose (Maximum dose: 10 mg/day). Geriatric Patients: High Blood Pressure: 2.5 mg orally as an initial dose once daily, followed by a maintenance dose of 2.5 to 10 mg orally once daily (Maximum dose: 10 mg/day). Angina: 5 mg as an initial dose orally once daily, with a maintenance dose of 5 to 10 mg orally once daily (Maximum dose: 10 mg/day). Pediatric Patients (6 to 17 years): High Blood Pressure: 2.5-5 mg maintenance dose orally once daily (Maximum dose: 5 mg/day). Conclusion Amlodipine’s applications in managing hypertension, angina, and heart-related risks make it a valuable medication. However, its use requires a thorough understanding of potential side effects and proper dosage guidelines, ensuring optimal health outcomes. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and recommendations. More about medicine and supplements on DrugsBank.

Alfuzosin is an alpha blocker And is employed in men to treat symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia or BP; that include difficulty urinating (hesitation, dribbling, weak stream, and incomplete bladder emptying), painful voiding, and urinary frequency and urgency. Alfuzosin is a non-subtype specific alpha(1)-adrenergic medicament that exhibits selectivity for alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors within the lower urinary tract. Inhibition of these adrenoreceptors results in the relaxation of smooth muscle within the bladder neck and prostate, leading to the improvement in urine flow and a reduction in symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia. It additionally inhibits the vasoconstrictor impact of circulating and locally released catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), leading to peripheral dilatation. The additional common side effects include dizziness, weariness headache.Mild side effects may go away within a couple of days or a few of weeks. whereas Serious side effects and their symptoms will include the following: the abrupt drop in blood pressure and prolonged erection (priapism).   Alfuzosin isn’t prescribed for ladies. however, studies in animals have shown no proof of fetal toxicity, even with extremely high doses of alfuzosin. The suggested dose of alfuzosin HCl) is one 10 mg extended-release pill once daily. The extent of absorption of alfuzosin is 500th lower under fasting conditions. Therefore, (alfuzosin HCl))should be taken with food and with a similar meal daily. Before taking this drug tell your doctor or pharmacist about Your medical history, particularly concerning Heart diseases, Liver diseases, and certain eye issues and if you’re allergic to it; or if you have any other& allergies. This product could contain inactive ingredients, which might cause sensitivity or other issues. talk to your healthcare provider for additional details. Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert till you see however this drug affects you.