Metolazone is a diuretic drug (“water tablets”) employed in the treatment of high blood pressure and fluid accumulation. It works by obstruction salt and fluid retention by the kidneys, thereby increasing the urinary output of salt and water (diuresis).
Mechanism
- Diuretics act within the kidneys. They work by inflicting the kidneys to increase the number of salts, like sodium and potassium, that are filtered out of the blood and into the pee. once these salts are filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, they draw water alongside them. As diuretics increase the removal of salts from the blood, they conjointly cause a lot of water to be drawn out of the blood and into the urine.
- Metolazone acts primarily to inhibit sodium reabsorption at the cortical diluting site and to a lesser extent within the proximal convoluted tube-shaped structure. sodium and chloride ions are excreted in about equivalent amounts. The exaggerated delivery of sodium to the distal tubular exchange site leads to raised potassium excretion. Metolazone doesn’t inhibit carbonic anhydrase. The antihypertensive mechanism of action of metolazone isn’t absolutely understood however is likely to be associated with its saluretic and diuretic drug properties.
Metolazone Side effects
- The most common side effects that occur with metolazone include blurred vision, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, headache, xerostomia whereas Serious side effects include; hypersensitivity, Heart issues, Liver problems and Nerve problems.
Precautions
- Use with caution in individuals with reduced liver function, elderly individuals, individuals with a history of gout or high levels of uric acid in their blood,Decreased excretory organ function, Diabetes,an inflammatory disease of connective tissue ,People on a low salt (sodium) diet, individuals with high levels of fats (lipids) such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood (hyperlipidaemia), and other people who are undernourished, Hereditary blood disorders referred to as porphyrias.
- Not to be used in People whose kidneys aren’t producing urine, People with reduced levels of consciousness as a result of liver cirrhosis of the liver,People with a high level of Ca in their blood,People with low levels of potassium or sodium in their blood (hypokalemia or hyponatraemia),Gout, individuals allergic to thiazide diuretics,Addison’s disease and other people allergic to medicines from the sulphonamide group, eg the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole.
Dose
- Usual Adult Dose Of Metolazone for Edema of Cardiac Failure 5 to 20 mg tablet once daily for Edema of Renal Disease 5 to 20 mg once daily And Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension the Dose Should be 2.5 to 5 mg once daily.
