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Human decomposition is a natural process that involves the decomposition of tissue after death. While the rate of human decay varies due to various factors, including climate, temperature, humidity, pH and oxygen content, the cause of death and body position, all human bodies follow the same four stages of human decomposition. Death is a fact of life that will pass a whole day, and the following are the most fascinating phases that the body experiences immediately after death, when the body is exposed to natural decomposition and is not preserved by processes such as embalmment. Most of these levels are known through the study of “body farms” controlled by the university used by forensic anthropologists to expand forensic knowledge. This may include the identification of bodies and their circumstances of death. These “body farms” and the resulting studies have had a tremendous impact on crime investigation, including cold cases. When Death Occur  The heart stops, the body bends, the person begins to take short breaths and the ears become cold due to lack of circulation. The blood becomes sour, the larynx loses its cough reflex and mucus formation can occur. Breathing through this mucus due to seizures will cause a gargling or rattling noise. This special sound is also called “death rattle”. The lungs are closed and the brain stops working. However, when the brainstem is still alive, the body still retains the ability to heal and perform other important functions. After 1 – 9 minutes Blood begins to accumulate in the body, causing discoloration known as rigor mortis, usually a reddish-blue color. The muscles relax, causing the bowel and bladder to empty. Brain cells die en masse and liquefaction occurs. Body begin to expand, no longer respond to direct light and “cloud” themselves. The cloudy appearance of the pupils results from the decomposition of potassium in the red blood cells. This process can take more time (around 3 hours), but as many people die with their eyes open, the process often takes place in this period of time. Some forensic scientists believe that this opacity of the eye could be a better indication of the time of death than Rigor-Mortis and Livor-Mortis. The eyeballs are flattened by the drop in blood pressure. At the end of this timeframe, the brainstem dies. After 18 hours The rigor mortis begins to establish itself. At this stage, the muscles become stiff and the hair stands up. Leichenstarre is due to lactic acid in the muscles, which causes stiffness in the tissue. Therefore, it seems that the hair grows more after death because the stiffening muscles press the hair follicle. After four to six hours, the stiffness begins to spread further in the body. The pooled blood begins to stain the skin with a blackish color. After six hours, the muscles continue sporadically sporadically. The anaerobic processes, such as the degradation of the liver by alcohol, continue. After eight hours, the body begins to cool quickly. This is called Algor-Mortis. This is different from the initial cooling, since this cooling process is much faster. After 15 days The rigor mortis ends at the beginning of this phase and the body becomes flexible again. When the body is discovered, presentable and found in a morgue, the director of the funeral home exploits this stage to place the body to show it at a funeral (folding hands and the like). After 24 to 72 hours, the internal microbes break down the intestine and the pancreas begins to digest. This process liquefies the interior. In 3 to 5 days, decomposition begins to form large bubbles throughout the body. After 2 weeks The hair, nails and teeth start to come off very easily. The sliding of the skin during this stage can hinder the movement of a body when it is detected in that condition. With luck, when the teeth fall, they will not fall far from the body, because that is the only way to identify the body at that point. The skin resembles a glove and can easily slip from the underlying muscle and decaying connective tissue. After 1 month The skin begins to liquefy and decomposes or dries, depending on the environment. Different types of insects feed on the body and cause the liquefaction of dead skin cells. Some of the first insects on the scene are blue flies. When the conditions are adequate, the body dries instead of liquefying in a process called butyric fermentation or mummification. A body is also considered mummified when all organs have disappeared due to the insects they eat. After Several months If the process of mummification is complete, the body fat begins to decompose and becomes a crumbly-white waxy substance called adipocere, also known as “grave wax”. In this stage, the bad smell of the dying flesh in the body begins to expiate exponentially. It is believed that in the seventeenth century some people used this Adipocere to make candles to use in waking the mummy. The “serious wax” can also be important when the body is in this stage, since the Adipocere can help the bodily and facial characteristics that were used in the identification and the wounds or injuries that have caused the death to contain,, About 1 year During this period, and depending on the environmental conditions of scavengers such as hyenas, large raptors (vultures, bald eagles, etc.), raccoons and opossums have reduced the body to bones and other fragments of hard bodies. Of the remains, the teeth are the most resistant substance in the body. Then, even with bone erosion, the remaining teeth can be used for identification. At this stage, most of the bodies found must be identified by dental records. If the technology or the DNA profile is available for comparison, the DNA can also be extracted from the teeth or bones for identification.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the extension of Heart Valve Masters Series with Hemodynamic Plus (HP) (Abbott) sewing cuff by the size of the 15 mm valve, allowing the smallest heart valve in the world. The FDA has granted St. Jude Medical approval for the heart valve of the Master Series. The valve is now available in sizes between 15mm and 27mm since it has been approved larger sizes since 1995, two pyrolytic carbon brochures, an opening angle of 85 degrees, which promotes blood circulation, while reducing turbulence and providing a means to the device during the Implantation to rotate for optimal results “While larger replacement heart valves have been approved for years, there is an unmet need in young pediatric patients, especially newborns and infants, with congenital valve defects who may be too small to use currently-marketed heart valves,” said Jeff Shuren, M.D., J.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health. The mechanical valve Masters Series mechanical heart was first diagnosed with a heart valve of the aorta or mitral diseased, damaged or defective, FDA approved in 1995 for patients. The smallest heart valve is also approved for the replacement of previously implanted aortic or mitral valve heart valves. “Today’s approval extends the range of valve sizes available and offers smaller patients another treatment option,” the statement said. Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the four heart valves that conduct blood flow through the heart do not function properly. In children, heart valve malfunction is often the result of congenital heart disease at birth. More than 35,000 babies in the US every year are born with congenital heart defects, some of which require heart valve surgery and possibly heart valve replacement surgery. However, before today’s approval, options for available replacement heart valves were limited due to the small size of the patients. The HP 15mm Masters Series Valve is an important treatment option for these patients. The Master Series mechanical heart valve should not be used by patients who can not tolerate anticoagulant therapy. The FDA evaluated clinical data from a one-arm study in 20 pediatric patients with severe heart failure ranging from 1.5 weeks to 27 months at the time of mitral valve implantation. The data showed that one year after implantation, the survival probability of 69.3 percent and the probability of an adverse event related to the valve were 66.8 percent. The serious cardiac valve-related adverse events seen during the one year post-study study included blood clots in the device and brain hemorrhages. An anticoagulation therapy (dilution of the blood) may be required after the procedure to avoid the formation of blood clots in the device, which may increase the risk of bleeding.

It’s hard to find someone who has never had a sore throat in his life. Dealing with scratching, itching, and burning is never fun, but it gets even more annoying if these symptoms do not disappear. Most people find relief by taking some home-based care, but others will continue to feel miserable. Continue reading for more information on the causes of sore throats that do not go away and what you can do about it. The sore throat does not heal; why? There are many different reasons you may have a continuous sore throat symptom. Here are some of them for your understanding: Viral causes you may have a viral infection that makes you miserable; the two most common are cold and mononucleosis. Colds: The cold starts with a symptom, but it gets worse. You will experience symptoms such as coughing, watery eyes, sneezing, mild headache, moderate temperature and Body aches. Sore throat is often combined with these symptoms. The cold usually lasts a few days to a week, but the cough may persist for a few weeks. When you are out, you can develop a kind of asthma in the chest that makes people sit tight, wheezing, which can be relieved with inhalers. Mononucleosis: Your sore throat that does not disappear could be due to mononucleosis. It affects you for at least ten days, but you may feel weak for up to 12 weeks. You will also notice some other symptoms, such as swollen and painful underarms, lymph nodes and tonsils. You can also have a swollen liver and even find some gray spots on your tonsils. Treatment Fluids, rest, and anti-inflammatory medications help relieve your symptoms. Bacterial causes Your sore throat may be due to a bacterial infection. This can occur because of sore throat or tonsillitis. Streptococcal pharyngitis:  You will experience symptoms such as inflammation of the cervical glands, fever, and white spots in the tonsils. You will not have a cough. Sore throat affects you suddenly and causes your throat to become a fleshy red color. Tonsillitis: A bacterial infection can cause swollen tonsils with or without white patches. You may need to remove your tonsils if tonsillitis occurs several times a year. Typical symptoms of tonsillitis include fever, chills, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, earache, loss of voice and bad breath. Other causes In addition to the bacterial and viral causes, several other things can cause a sore throat. Reflux: Sore throat can be caused by reflux, a condition in which acid or food builds up in the esophagus. You can help avoid spicy food and eat smaller meals in this case. Allergies: The most common allergy symptom is a runny nose with a stuffy nose. Nasal congestion can also cause headaches that worsen when you go to bed. Exposure to dry air or smoke: Working in an environment with dry air or tobacco smoke can also cause sore throats that will not go away. How to relieve a sore throat that does not heal? You can try specific home remedies and tricks to relieve sore throat. These remedies may or may not work depending on the exact cause of your sore throat. However, it is worth using these home care measures for relief. Gargling with salt water. Simply put a little salt in a cup of water and gargle. This will relieve the discomfort associated with your sore throat. Lozenges can also be helpful because they contain menthol that anesthetizes throat tissue. However, the pills will provide temporary relief. Do not give baby pills because they are a choking hazard. Add some honey to your regular tea and drink it slowly to soothe your sore neck. Honey is also a cough medicine, so you can use a drop the next time you tickle your throat. Keep enough water if you have a sore throat that does not go away. Drinking water helps lubricate the neck and reduce inflammation. Have you installed a humidifier in your room if you constantly have a sore throat? The moist air will calm the inflamed tissue in the throat and nose. A humidifier moisturizes your room and provides moist air to relieve the dryness of the throat. Take a steam shower. It is an excellent alternative to staying in a room with a humidifier. Open the hot water in your bathtub and stay away for a while. Then enter your bathroom and take a deep breath. You can also fill a sink with hot water and inhale steam to relieve sore throat. Try over-the-counter pain relievers for viral infections. Some good options include Aleve and Advil; both are anti-inflammatory medications and offer some pain relief. Take antibiotics for relief. If other remedies do not work and there is a bacterial infection, you must take antibiotics to relieve yourself. Penicillin and erythromycin are the most common options here. Antibiotics will be effective if the underlying cause of the pain is a sore throat. Be sure to stop the complete cycle of your antibiotics and not stop using them, even if you feel better after a few days. Consult your doctor if your sore throat worsens even after taking all other home care procedures. Your doctor will monitor your symptoms and help diagnose the cause of your sore throat to correct the problem. Read more about Sore Throat & Its OTC Treatment ←Here. Read more medicines and supplements on DrugsBank

Having announced earlier this month, as of which it was a “rare disease” with views showed Bollywood actor Irrfan Khan, for his role in Slumdog Millionaire and life of pi,  announced an official diagnosis: He has a neuroendocrine tumor . “The unexpected makes us grow, as has been the case in recent days,” Khan wrote on Twitter on Friday. “The learning that was tested with neuroendocrine tumors from now on, they diagnosed, it will be difficult, but the love and strength to those around me, and what I have found in me has brought me to a place of hope.” A neuroendocrine tumor can under the National Cancer Institute is one of several types of tumors, some types of cancer and its other beneficial. These plants, including pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and tumors of cells and tumors of the karcinoid-releasing hormone formed can lead to higher levels of hormones than normal. If the hormone level is not available, a wide range of symptoms can occur. The symptoms of the neuroendocrine tumor depend on the type of tumor and the growth of the tumor. “In some patients, the symptoms may be caused by the appearance of the tumor and its effects on nearby normal organs. Khan made a flagrant assumption about the state of a sudden: “When it comes to rumors that have been floating, Neuro’ist not always on the brain, continued his neuroendocrine tumors peep in the body can really grow everywhere, according with the Mayo Clinic but, usually, they are attached, the pancreas, the small intestine or the lungs, Khan still needs to be revealed where the tumor is, or if it is cancerous. Doctors do not fully understand what causes Neurondrin tumors; In fact, even typical risk factors for cancer such as smoking do not seem to be associated with this growth. The treatment is also very variable. If a doctor recommends surgery to reduce chemotherapy or hormone therapy production and slow tumor growth depends on the type and location of the tumor if it is cancer. Khan has yet to disclose any details about his possible type of tumor, location, symptoms or treatment. For now, it seems to be positive. “For those who have been waiting for my words, I hope to come back with more stories,” reveals his tweet.

Along with Ebola, Zika and other famous notorious diseases Disease X was recently reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) was added as the killer, which could trigger a deadly global epidemic soon. After meeting at the Geneva headquarters, met with health experts from around the world, the organization published its model list 2018 with priority diseases such as Ebola, Lassa fever, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), fever of Rift Valley (RVF) and Zika. According to the WHO, the Blueprint aims to improve global coordination, accelerate research and development of certain diseases, develop standards and standards on a global scale and, in some contexts, promote the response plan. “Disease X represents the knowledge that a serious international epidemic could be caused by an agent that currently does not know of any human disease,” said the WHO. This enigmatic name “represents the knowledge that a serious international epidemic could be caused by a pathogen currently unknown to cause human disease,” according to the WHO. It is the first time that the organization includes an unknown disease entry in its plan to create a global awareness of health professionals and communities. According to a telegraph analysis, the sources of disease X could be experiments with biological weapons, animal diseases that can be transmitted to humans: zoonoses in general and the possible development of existing diseases. In fact, previous sources such as the causes of some deadly diseases were revealed, which are known today, but when they are carried out for the first time, they were mysterious killers such as Ebola, HIV and even the smallpox virus. The WHO said that all the diseases mentioned “pose significant risks to public health and more research and development is needed, including control and diagnosis”. Outside of the 2018 Plan, the WHO also mentions dengue, yellow fever, HIV / AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, influenza, serious illness in humans, smallpox, cholera, leishmaniasis, West Nile and the plague, and said that research and development are necessary to take action against these diseases.