Manzoor (Pharm-D)

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Drugs Used in Pediatrics

Drugs Used in Pediatrics 1-10 1. Ibuprofen It is used to relieve pain, fever, reduce inflammation of soft tissue injuries. It can be given by mouth or IV and you can use it in 1-month children. It is contraindicated in children with asthma, GI problems, Liver problems, Lupus, low platelets etc. 2. Paracetamol Most commonly used the medication in both hospitals and the community. It is Used in Relieving Pain and Fever. It can be used in neonates 28 weeks onwards. Most commonly used orally. Also used rectally and IV. 3. Amoxicillin Amoxicillin is employed to treat many different types of infection caused by bacterium, like tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, gonorrhea, and infections of the ear,Chest, nose, throat, skin, or tract. Amoxicillin is also generally used together with another antibiotic referred to as clarithromycin (Biaxin) to treat stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This combination is typically used with a stomach acid reducer referred to as lansoprazole (Prevacid). 4. Morphine Most commonly used to treat pain or also used in sedation. It is given as Orally, IV, IM Caution in Respiratory depression, Shock And Hypotension. Morphine side effects are Nausea, Vomiting, Hallucinations. 5. Azithromycin Azithromycin belongs to the class of drugs known as Macrolide antibiotics. Azithromycin is used to treat certain bacterial infections. Azithromycin may be used in combination with other antibiotics when it’s used to treat mycobacterium avium complex infection. It should not be used to treat infections caused by viruses, such as the common cold. 6. Dexamethasone Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, is analogous to a natural hormone produced by your adrenal glands. It usually is employed to replace this chemical once your body doesn’t make enough of it. It relieves inflammation (swelling, heat, redness, and pain) and It is employed to treat certain types of arthritis; skin, blood, kidney, eye, thyroid, and intestinal disorders (e.g., colitis); Severe allergies; and asthma attack. For children: 0.02 to 0.3 mg per kg (2.2 pounds) of body weight each day. 7. Diazepam Diazepam belongs to a group of drugs known as Benzodiazepines. It is one of most commonly Drugs Used in Pediatrics in the treatment of Depression and Anxiety, Insomnia. It is also used in the acute treatment of alcohol withdrawal. It is also used as a muscle relaxant. 8. Lactulose Lactulose is a synthetic sugar that is used to treat constipation. It breaks down in the colon in products that draw water from the body and into the colon. This water softens the stool. Lactulose is also used to reduce the amount of ammonia in the blood of patients with liver disease. It works by extracting ammonia from the blood into the colon, where it is eliminated from the body. The usual dose for normal constipation in children aged 1 to 6 years (under the supervision of a doctor) is between 5 ml and 10 ml once or twice daily. And the dose for babies under 1 year (only under medical supervision) is up to 5 ml once or twice a day. 9. Loratadine Loratadine is in a class of medications known as an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. histamine will produce symptoms Like; watery eyes, sneezing, runny nose, And itching. It is used for the treatment of allergies Like hypersensitivity reaction and is additionally used to treats symptoms like skin sensation, runny nose, watery eyes, and sneezing from “hay fever” and different allergies. it’s also used to relieve itching from hives. Daily Pediatric Dose for Allergic Rhinitis is 2 to 5 years: 5 mg orally in A single Dose Daily Pediatric Dose for Urticaria is 2 to 5 years: 5 mg orally in a single. 10. Amitriptyline Amitriptyline is in a group of Drugs Called Tricyclic Antidepressant And is Used to help Relieve Symptoms Of Depression ,Nerve pain ( Neuralgia) Preventing migraine,Nocturnal enuresis) in children aged six years and over (Bedwetting)Lower doses are also widely used to block the long-term (chronic) pain of some rheumatic conditions. Serious side effects are Heart attack, Stroke. The recommended dose for Adolescents and elderly  is 25-50mg per day in a divided doses or as a single night time dose. A maintenance dose of 25-50mg may be sufficient. For Children With Nocturnal aneurisis (Nightly bedwetting)the recommended dose for  11-16 years is 25-50mg at night. And for 6-10 years  the dose is 10-20mg at night while Not recommended for age less than 6 years. Drugs Used in Pediatrics 11-20 11. Promethazine Promethazine (HCl) is an antihistamine, It is used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reaction and allergic conjunctivitis and for prevention of allergic reactions to blood or plasma in patients with a better-known history of such reactions, Promethazine (HCl) is employed as an antiemetic to stop nausea and vomiting and additionally used for pre-operative and postoperative sedation. 12. Salbutamol Salbutamol Or albuterol Is in a group of medicine called a short-acting beta 2 agonist. It is employed to stop and treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems (e.g asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). it’s conjointly used to prevent asthma brought on by exercise. albuterol belongs to a category of drugs known as bronchodilators. 13. Cephalexin Cephalexin is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin family. It works by fighting bacteria in your body. It is used to treat Genital and urinary tract infections, Bone infections, Ear infections, Infections of the skin and skin structure, Respiratory infections, Pharyngitis, Mastitis, And bladder infections. 14. Mometasone Mometasone nasal spray is employed to stop and relieve symptoms of sneezing, runny, stuffy, or itchy nose caused by allergic rhinitis or different allergies. it’s conjointly used to treat nasal polyps (swelling of the lining of the nose). Mometasone nasal spray mustn’t be used to treat symptoms (e.g., sneezing, stuffy, runny, restless nose) caused by the common cold. Mometasone is the most active ingredient in Nasonex nasal spray, Elocon lotion and ointment (generic), along with also the Asmanex Twisthaler. 15. Montelukast Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) It is used for the maintenance treatment of bronchial asthma, to alleviate symptoms of seasonal allergies and stop exercise-induced breathing issues. it’s typically administered orally. 16. Nystatin Nystatin belongs to a group of medicine called antifungal. It is used

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Cefuroxime: Uses, Side Effects, Dosage

Cefuroxime belongs to a group of drugs known as cephalosporin antibiotics. Cefuroxime oral pill is a prescription medication that is available as the brand-name medication Ceftin, among others. Additionally, it is available in generic form. Cefuroxime was initially approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the brand name Ceftin, made by GlaxoSmithKline, in 1987. Cefuroxime axetil Uses Cefuroxime is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat many different infections, including pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis. Acute Bacterial Otitis Media Pharyngitis/Tonsilitis Skin Care Illness Sinusitis Lyme disease Bronchitis Cystitis Gonococcal Infection Pyelonephritis Mechanism Cefuroxime is a beta-lactam antibiotic. It inhibits both the third and final stages of bacterial cell wall synthesis. By binding to particular penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall. Precautions You Shouldn’t take cefuroxime for those who: Are allergic to cefuroxime or some of the other components in the medication Are allergic to penicillin Are allergic to additional antibiotics like cefaclor, cefdinir, Keflex (cephalexin), or antibiotics at the cephalosporin course Have liver or kidney problems. Have Infection Have Bad eating habits or suffer from malnutrition. Have you recently had a possible disease or inflammation of your intestines while or after taking antibiotics? Contraindications Cefuroxime is contraindicated in the following conditions. History of hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reaction) to some other kind of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (penicillins, monobactams and carbapenems). Side effects Common side effects of injectable and oral cefuroxime comprise the following: Upset stomach Allergic reactions Vomiting Yeast infection Diarrhea Stomach pain Unwanted severe effects of cefuroxime include but are not limited to the following: A life-threatening allergic response known as anaphylaxis in Which You Might have difficulty breathing, your throat closes up, and your skin breaks out into hives. Intense and potentially life-threatening skin reactions such as Steven-Johnsons syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TENs) Swelling of the face, such as lips, eyes, tongue, mouth, and throat Blood ailments, including low platelet count or reduced levels of blood cells elevated levels of white blood cells Seizures A severe form of nausea noticed by loose, watery feces along with a foul odor that Is Significantly worse than ordinary Cefuroxime at Pregnancy & Lactation Cefuroxime falls into class B. No proper studies have been performed on humans with cefuroxime. In animal research, pregnant animals were given this medicine, and the infants didn’t demonstrate any healthcare problems associated with this drug. Cefuroxime was detected in breast milk. Due to the potential for adverse reactions in nursing infants from cefuroxime, an option ought to be made whether to discontinue nursing or to prevent the use of the medicine. Interactions Your healthcare professionals may already know about any potential medication interactions and might be monitoring you for it. Don’t start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with them first. Before using this medicine, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products that you can use, especially. Blood thinners” (e.g., warfarin), Live vaccines. Concomitant use of probenecid is not recommended. Although many antibiotics likely don’t influence hormonal birth control, like tablets and patches, or rings, some antibiotics can diminish their efficacy. Make Sure You ask your doctor or pharmacist if you should use additional reliable birth control procedures While using this antibiotic. Cefuroxime Dosage  Cefuroxime is generally taken twice per day, with or after meals. If you need to remember to take a dose of cefuroxime, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for the next dose. Don’t take a double dose to make up for the missed dose. Like all antibiotics, it’s essential to complete the prescribed course of cefuroxime, even in the event that you are feeling better or the disease appears to have cleared up. Adult dose For acute otitis, media 500 mg twice per day For cystitis, 250 mg twice per day For Pyelonephritis, 250 mg twice per day For Lyme disease, take 500 mg twice per day. Dose for children weigh less than 40 kg. For acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis, acute bacterial sinusitis is 10 mg/kg twice per day to a max of 125 mg twice per day. For acute otitis media, 15 mg/kg twice per day to a maximum of 250 mg twice per day. For cystitis, 15 mg/kg twice per day to a maximum of 250 mg twice per day For Pyelonephritis, 15 mg/kg twice per day to a maximum of 250 mg twice per day for 10 to 14 days For Uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections, 15 mg/kg twice every day to a maximum of 250 milligrams For Lyme disease, 15 mg/kg twice per day to a maximum of 250 mg twice per day for 14 days (10 to 21 days). Explore More Medicine

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Nasacort Nasal Spray (Triamcinolone acetonide): Uses, Side Effects, Dosage

Nasacort Nasal Spray contain Triamcinolone acetonide and can be used to treat itching, coughing, and runny nose brought on by seasonal allergies or hay fever. Uses Nasacort Nasal Spray can be used in the treatment and prevention of the following conditions: Seasonal Allergies like itching, coughing, Runny nose Nasacort Nasal Spray prevents the release of compounds from the body that cause inflammation. It’s a steroid spray which may help improve nasal congestion and might be helpful to decrease snoring and as an adjunctive treatment for obstructive sleep apnea when allergic rhinitis is current. Triamcinolone nasal may also be utilized for different functions not listed in this medication guide. Precautions Nasacort shouldn’t be used if you have an open wound or ulcer inside your nose. The use of this medication in pregnancy shows adverse effects in animals and use in lactation is unknown. If you’re nursing or pregnant, you need to go over the security and risks versus rewards with your doctor. If you’ve had recent therapy with other corticosteroid drugs, you might not wish to utilize Nasacort. Certain eye conditions like increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma, or cataracts might be a contraindication. In case you have an untreated disease, particularly with tuberculosis, herpes simplex impacting the eye, or exposure to measles or varicella (chickenpox), Nasacort ought to be used with care. It might not be a good idea to use it in case you suffer from recurrent nosebleeds (epistaxis). Children must be followed closely if long-term usage happens. Contraindications Nasacort is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to triamcinolone acetonide or to any of the other ingredients of this preparation. Mechanism Nasacort nasal spray includes the active ingredient triamcinolone acetonide, which is a form of medication called a corticosteroid (or steroid). Corticosteroids are hormones produced naturally by the adrenal glands which have many important functions, including control of inflammatory responses. When administered to the nose, then triamcinolone is absorbed into the tissues of the nasal lining. It works by preventing those cells by releasing substances which trigger inflammatory and allergic responses. Additionally, it may help alleviate associated eye symptoms such as itchy, red and watery eyes. Side effects The most Frequent side effects after nasal inhalation of Nasacort (triamcinolone acetonide) are: Increased cough, Nausea or vomiting, Sore throat, Nasal itching and soreness, Nasal congestion, Sneezing, Nasal burning, Bloody nasal discharge, Depression, Acne, Increased hair growth Irregular menstrual cycles, Nasal dryness. Other adverse effects reported with intranasal triamcinolone acetonide contain: Headache , Nausea , and watery eyes. Nasacort Spray in Pregnancy & Lactation Significant complications (like cleft palateand births) have been reported if oral corticosteroids were administered during maternity . It’s not known if the tiny amounts of corticosteroids which show up in the blood after intranasal use take the identical risk. Triamcinolone acetonide use during pregnancy ought to be avoided unless your doctor feels that the possible therapeutic benefit outweighs the possible risk to the embryo. It’s unknown if triamcinolone acetonide collects in breast milk. But, it’s understood that other corticosteroids are excreted in breast milk. The consequences on the child, if any, are still unknown. Nasacort Spray Interactions Inform your doctor about all the medications you take, including non-prescription and prescription medications, vitamins, minerals, and herbal nutritional supplements. Especially tell your Physician if you take: Antibiotics Amphotericin B Anticholinesterase agents like donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine. Aminoglutethimide Anticoagulants like warfarin Non-steroidal anti inflammatory agents like aspirin, Naproxen, and celecoxib. Antidiabetic agents Isoniazid Digoxin Phenytoin Ketoconazole Cholestyramine Cyclosporine Estrogens, Carbamazepine Rifampin This isn’t a comprehensive list of all Nasacort drug interactions. Consult your physician or pharmacist to learn more. Dosage Use exactly as prescribed by your physician. Don’t use in smaller or larger quantities or for longer than advised. Follow the instructions on your prescription label. Adult: 2 sprays in each nostril once daily. Reduce dose as symptoms improve. Children: Age less than 2yrs: not suggested. Age 2-6yrs: 1 spray in each nostril once daily. Age 6-12yrs: 1 spray in each nostril once daily; max 2 sprays in each nostril once daily. Note: If you forget to use your Nasacort nasal spray utilize it as soon as you remember, unless it’s almost time for your next dose. In this scenario just leave out the forgotten dose and take the next dose as normal. Do not use a double dose to make up for a missed dose.

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Zoster Vaccine: Uses, Mechanism, Dosage

Zostavax (Zoster Vaccine) is a live attenuated virus vaccine suggested for the prevention of herpes zoster (shingles) in people 50 years and older. Zostavax isn’t indicated for treating zoster or postherpetic neuralgia. Zostavax shouldn’t be used for the prevention of primary varicella disease (Chickenpox). Unlike the influenza jab, you will have to have the vaccination once, and you will have it at any time of year. The herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine is predicted to lower your chance of getting shingles. Live attenuated zoster vaccine is available in two forms; Zostavax for the avoidance of shingles in immunocompetent people within the age of 50 Varivax for preventing chickenpox in people 12 months of age and older. Shingles can be pretty uncomfortable and debilitating. Shingles can be deadly for approximately 1 in 1,000 over-70s who create it. Zostavax was accredited by the FDA in 2006 to be used in the USA. It’s provided in 1 dose for a shot and also may be given at a physician’s office or pharmacy. It is nice to have the shingles vaccine in case you have already had shingles. The herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine functions really well in people who have had shingles previously, and it’ll enhance your immunity against additional shingles strikes. Uses Used for the prevention of herpes zoster (shingles) in immunocompetent adults aged 50 years and older. Varivax vaccine can be used for active immunization for the prevention of varicella in individuals 12 months of age and older. Mechanism of action Zostavax protects from Herpes Zoster reactivation by eliciting an immune reaction to Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Varivax protects from chickenpox by eliciting both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to the varicella-zoster virus. Duration of Herpes An epidemic of shingles may last for 3 to 4 weeks. At times, the pain is present, but the blisters do not seem. Some affected individuals develop postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), where the localized pain stays even after the rash is gone. Don’t Use Inform your vaccine supplier if you: Someone who has had a life-threatening or acute allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or some other element of shingles vaccine. Have any acute, life-threatening allergies? Interaction Some products that may interact with this vaccine such as: Corticosteroids such as prednisone dexamethasone. Cancer chemotherapy Drugs that lower the immune system (such as cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Specific antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir. Side effects The most common adverse effects are: Injection site swelling, Headaches Itching, Pain, Swelling Warmth, Bleeding, and Bruising. Pregnancy or breastfeeding Zoster vaccine isn’t employed for preventing shingles in women of childbearing age and shouldn’t be administered to pregnant women. Nursing moms don’t employ the zoster vaccine to prevent shingles. Zoster Vaccine Dose Subcutaneous management only. Don’t inject intravenously or intramuscularly. Recommended Dose And Program Administer ZOSTAVAX as one 0.65-mL dose subcutaneously from the deltoid area of the upper arm.

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Isotretinoin (Zenatane): Uses, Side Effects, Dosage

Isotretinoin (Zenatane) is an effective systemic medication used in the treatment of severe inflammatory acne. Isotretinoin is categorized as a retinoid created from a synthetic form of vitamin A. This medication can have severe side effects, but it has to be treated and supervised by a healthcare provider. Isotretinoin is a medicine used for treating severe acne. It’s occasionally utilized in the avoidance of certain skin cancers. Isotretinoin is an oral medication used for the prevention and treatment of acute acne. Acne results from inflammation of the skin. The we Food and Drugs Administration approved Isotretinoin in May 1982. Precautions (Zenatane) Before taking isotretinoin, tell your Physician if you or Anybody in your family has any of the conditions like Diabetes, asthma, liver disease, heart disorder and depression. You should also tell your doctor if you are allergic to any medications, particularly parabens (compounds used in cosmetics, moisturizers, and isotretinoin). Do not take isotretinoin if you have hypervitaminosis A. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are taking any other medicines, even over-the-counter medicines. Do not take isotretinoin if you have severe liver disease. Do not take isotretinoin if you have very high-fat levels (cholesterol, triglycerides) in your blood. Mechanism Isotretinoin (Zenatane) reduces the size and activity of the sebaceous glands within the skin, which lowers the total amount of sebum that’s generated. This prevents the glands from getting obstructed, and germs are not as likely to flourish. Additionally, it lessens the redness of the skin. Side effects Serious side effects are rare and occur in less than 1 in 1,000 individuals. Stop taking isotretinoin Zenatane capsules and inform a doctor straight away in the Event That You get: Stress, Suicidal ideas – these may be indications of mental health issues Acute pain in your stomach without diarrhea, Violence and aggression, Feeling ill, and Nausea Trouble moving your arms or thighs, and painful, swollen or bruised parts of the body. A Severe skin rash that soothes or has blisters Even darkened urine Yellowish eyes or skin, Difficulty swallowing or feeling quite tired A lousy headache which does not go off and cause you to feel sick or vomit Abrupt changes in vision It is infrequent; however, isotretinoin capsules can occasionally result in sadness or make it worse and also make people feel dizzy. In rare situations, it is likely to have a severe allergic reaction to isotretinoin capsules. Zenatane in Pregnancy Isotretinoin is damaging to the fetus and so shouldn’t be used through pregnancy. Women of childbearing age should have two negative pregnancy evaluation results before treatment is initiated, and a pregnancy test must be run during every month of treatment. Two powerful kinds of birth control have to be utilized throughout treatment. Pregnancy ought to be avoided a month prior to, during, and at least one month after stopping isotretinoin. It’s not known whether isotretinoin is secreted in breast milk, but because of its potentially serious side effects, it Shouldn’t Be utilized by breastfeeding moms. Isotretinoin Interactions Inform your doctor of all of the medications you are taking. This also has over-the-counter and prescription drugs, vitamins and other nutritional supplements (nutritional shakes, protein powders, etc.), herbal remedies and some other recreational and illegal drugs. Speak with Your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking isotretinoin (Zenatane) if you are using Phenytoin, carbamazepine, Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, prednisolone, or triamcinolone and herbal treatments. Do not take isotretinoin (Zenatane) if you are taking tetracycline antibiotics, such as demeclocycline, doxycycline or vitamin A. You need to limit or avoid drinking while taking isotretinoin. Dose for isotretinoin The suggested dose of isotretinoin (Zenatane) is 0.5 to 2 mg per kg of body weight every day. The daily dose generally is administered in 2 divided doses for 15-20 weeks. Isotretinoin should be taken with meals so as to increase its absorption. Explore More Medicine 

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Plasma Expanders: Mechanism, Types, Uses

Plasma expanders are certain types of intravenous treatment with the role of supplying volume to your circulatory system. It could possibly be used to get fluid replacement. Mechanism of Plasma Expanders  Water moves in the interstitial spaces into the intravascular space, raising the blood volume. This greater volume contributes to an increase in central venous pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood pressure, urinary output and capillary perfusion, and a decline in heart rate, peripheral resistance and blood viscosity. Types Of Plasma Expanders There are two main types of Plasma expanders: crystalloids and colloids. 1. Crystalloids Crystalloids are aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. The crystalloids most commonly used are normal saline (0.9% NaCl) or lactated Ringer’s solution. Normal Saline It’s also employed as irrigation solution.This medication ought to be used with care in patients with a history of edema. The expression”normal saline” is generally used just for the sodium chloride 0.9% alternative products utilized for body irrigation and injection. Normal saline is quite widely utilized at the hospital and hospital setting to administer fluids into a patient intravenously (IV), to dilute injectable medicines for IV administration, to irrigate (wash out) lesions. Normal saline for injection is generally not used out of a clinic or hospital setting. Ringer’s Solution Ringer’s solution is an alternative of many salts dissolved in water with the goal of producing an isotonic solution relative to the body fluid. Ringer’s solution with lactate additional is used as an intravenous fluid following blood loss or renal failure or fluid loss in people. It’s widely utilized in hospitals as fluid replacement following surgeries and at the ICU. Glucose The Glucose 5% solution gives a caloric consumption of 200 kcal/l. In addition, this glucose solution for infusion allows hydric supplementation with no ionic supplementation. Glucose 5 percent is a isosmotic solution, using a approximate osmolarity of 278 mOsm/l. It supply a while, and might thereby supply the whole or portion of the energy element of parenteral nutrition. 2. Colloids Colloids comprise Haemaccel, Gelofusin as well as the naturally occurring plasma materials (albumin, plasma protein fraction). Haemaccel extract Haemaccel Infusion can be utilized for blood and fluid reduction , Low calcium levels, Hypocalcaemia, Low calcium amount, Low sodium amounts , Low potassium levels, Electrolyte imbalance, Electrolyte disbalance, Intense calcium lack , Intoxication and other ailments. Albumin Albumin is normally within the bloodstream and comprises 50-60% of the cells and 80-85 percent of the oncotic pressure. Plasma protein fraction includes 88 percent albumin and 12 percent globulins. Plasma protein percentage is successful in keeping blood volume but doesn’t raise oncotic pressure. Gelofusine Gelofusine ecobag is a type of Plasma expander used as plasma replacement. It comprises modified fluid gelatin, and it is a chemical that acts in a similar way to blood plasma. Additionally, it includes electrolytes (sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium and lactate). Gelofusine can be used to substitute blood and body fluid, which are dropped as a consequence of, by way of instance, an operation, an injury or a burn. It comprises modified fluid gelatin, and it is a chemical that acts in a similar way to blood plasma. Additionally, it includes electrolytes (sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium and lactate).

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Ethosuximide (Zarontin): Uses, Side Effects, Dosage

Ethosuximide (Zarontin) is a anti-epileptic medicine, also referred to as an anticonvulsant. Ethosuximide can be used to control absence seizures (petit mal) (a sort of seizure where there is a really brief loss of consciousness through which the individual might stare directly forward or blink his eyes and doesn’t reply to other people ). It operates by reducing abnormal electrical activity in your brain. Precautions Prior to taking ethosuximide (Zarontin), tell your health care provider or pharmacist if you’re allergic to methsuximide; even in case you have some allergies. This medicine could contain inactive ingredients, which may lead to allergic reactions or other issues. Speak with your pharmacist for additional information. Before utilizing this medicine , tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: liver disorder, kidney disorder , psychological /mood disease (for instance, melancholy , psychosis). Alcohol will make you dizzy or drowsy. Don’t drive, use machines, or do anything which requires alertness until you are able to get it done safely. Keep away from alcoholic drinks. Speak with your physician if you are using marijuana. Liquid products can contain alcohol or sugar. Caution is advised if you’ve diabetes, alcohol addiction , liver disorder, or some other condition which needs you to limit/avoid these chemicals in your diet plan. Consult your physician or pharmacist about using this product securely. This medicine passes into breast feeding milk, but is not likely to damage a nursing baby . Ask your physician prior to breast feeding -consuming. Ethosuximide In Pregnancy & Lactation If you’re pregnant, your title might be recorded on a pregnancy registry. This is to monitor the results of the pregnancy and to assess any effects of ethosuximide on the infant. Ethosuximide (Zarontin) may pass into breast milk and might harm a nursing baby. Tell your health care provider if you’re breast-feeding a infant. Mechanism The brain and nerves system are composed of many nerve cells that communicate with one another through electrical signals. These signs should be carefully regulated for the brain and nerves to work properly.This increases the threshold of their mind to stimuli that cause seizures and helps stop seizures. Ethosuximide (Zarontin) is largely utilized to deal with absence (petit mal) seizures. Should you suffer from different kinds of seizures too (such as grand mal seizures), ethosuximide has to be utilised in conjunction with other antiepileptic medications. Zarontin Side Effects More frequent side effects The common side effects that can occur with ethosuximide (Zarontin) contain: Stomach Issues Weight-loss Tiredness or fatigue Dizziness or lightheadedness Unsteadiness when walking Headache Hiccups Trouble focusing If those effects are moderate, they might go away in a couple of days or even a few weeks. If they are more severe or do not go away, speak with your physician or pharmacist. Serious unwanted effects Call your health care provider straight away in the event that you’ve got serious unwanted effects. Serious side effects and their symptoms may contain the following: Serious allergic reactions Changes in thinking, mood, or behavior More frequent or worse grand mal seizures Life-threatening blood issues. Systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease Suicidal thoughts or activities. Drug Interactions There may be an interaction involving ethosuximide (Zarontin) and some of these: Phenytoin Lamotrigine Primidone Valproic acid If you’re taking one of these drugs, talk with your physician or pharmacist. Based upon Your Precise Conditions, your Physician may want you to: Change among the medications to another, Change how you’re taking one or both of these medications Quit taking one of those drugs.   Dose For treating generalized absence seizures. Oral dose for Infants, Adolescents, and Children > 6 years Originally, 250 mg PO twice per day. May increase dose by 250 mg/day PO in 4–7 day periods, until seizure control is reached, or to a maximum daily dose of 1.5 g. In a few of patients, concentrations around 150 mcg/mL could be required to attain complete seizure control. For Kids 3–6 years: Originally, 15 mg/kg/day PO, given in two divided doses (Max first dose: 250 mg). Boost each 4–7 days; normal maintenance dose is 15–40 mg/kg/day PO, given in two divided doses. The perfect dose for many pediatric patients is 20 mg/kg/day PO.

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Enoxaparin (Clexane): Uses, Side Effects, Doses

Enoxaparin (Brand Name: Clexane) is used to thin blood. It prevents your blood from forming clots. Blood clots are dangerous because they may create serious blockages in your arteries. This may result in a stroke or a heart attack. Clexane is used to reduce blood clots in people that are hospitalized. It might be used if you are too sick to maneuver around or if you are having a heart attack. Enoxaparin might be utilized as part of a combination treatment. As a consequence, that you might want to take it together with different drugs. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully because you might want to begin or discontinue this medication or another blood thinner at particular times. Additionally, it is utilized to stop blood clots in your home once you have had stomach surgery or even a knee or hip replacement. This medication can also be utilized to deal with present blood clots from the hospital or in home. A blood clot may be treated in the home so long as it’s not on your lungs. Mechanism Enoxaparinbinds to and potentiates antithrombin (a circulating anticoagulant) to make a complex that irreversibly inactivates clotting factor Xa. It’s less action from factor IIa (thrombin) compared to unfractionated heparin (UFH) due to the low molecular weight. Contraindications Clexane is contraindicated in the following conditions Thrombocytopenia associated with a positive in vitro test for anti-platelet antibody in the presence of enoxaparin sodium Active Key bleeding Known hypersensitivity to enoxaparin sodium (e.g., pruritus, urticaria, anaphylactic/anaphylactoid responses ) Known hypersensitivity to heparin or pork products Known hypersensitivity to benzyl alcohol (that can be in just the multi-dose formula of Clexane Clexane In Pregnancy Clexane is currently in Pregnancy Category B, as stated by the FDA, meaning animal studies haven’t revealed evidence of injury to the developing baby but no adequate studies are performed in pregnant women. Black-Box Warning Clexane includes a black-box warning describing its use in patients with spinal or epidural anesthesia or spinal puncture carries an increased risk of bleeding and swelling. This swelling and bleeding can cause long-term or permanent paralysis. If you’re on Clexane  then you’ll have to have blood tests periodically to determine how well it’s functioning. Side effects The common side effects of enoxaparin can comprise: Bleeding Anemia swelling and pain at the site in the skin where you provide the injection Fever Swelling in your legs Serious side effects include Rebound stroke. Bleeding. Rebound blood clots. Drugs Interactions: Drugs that should be avoided include: Ibuprofen Aspirin. Tinzaparin Apixaban Dabigatran etexilate Naproxen Dose for enoxaparin Dose for Preventing deep vein thrombosis following abdominal operation is 40 mg subcutaneous injection once every day. Dose for Preventing deep vein thrombosis following hip replacement: 30 mg every 12 hours or 40 mg once per day by subcutaneous injection. Treatment of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism: 1 mg/kg each 12 hours or 1.5 mg/kg once per day by subcutaneous injection. Dose for the Treatment of acute heart attacks (ST altitude myocardial infarction or STEMI): For individuals below the age of 75, 30 mg orally and one mg/kg subcutaneously followed by 1 mg/kg every 12 hours (max of 100 mg to each of their initial two subcutaneous doses only). For individuals over age 75, 0.75 mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours (max of 75 mg to each of their initial 2 subcutaneous doses only). All patients should get aspirin. Dose For coronary artery stent processes (percutaneous coronary intervention or PCI).Patients must get 0.3 mg/kg through stent placement if the previous dose of Lovenox was administered over 8 hours prior to the procedure. Dose for the Treatment of chest pain (Unstable angina) or moderate heart attack (non-Q-wave myocardial infarction) is 1 mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours using aspirin.

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Tranexamic acid (Transamin): Uses, Side Effects, Dosage

Tranexamic acid (Brand: Transamin) prevents enzymes in the human body from breaking down blood clots. Transamin is traditionally used in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. This medicine won’t treat premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It’s usually taken with or without meals three times per day for up to 5 times during monthly menstruation. You should start taking this medicine each month as soon as your period begins. Don’t take tranexamic acid whenever you don’t have a time. Require tranexamic acid at roughly the very same times every day you are supposed to get a dose. Tranexamic acid (Transamin Capsules) are usually taken 3 times each day for a max of 4 times. You begin taking the pills once your period begins. Tranexamic Acid Uses Transamin Capsule can be utilized for the treatment, prevention, control, & improvement of the following ailments, ailments and symptoms: Heavy menstrual bleeding Blood clotting issues Swelling in many different body components Acute reduction of blood Transamin Capsule might also be used for purposes not listed here. Mechanism of Action Tranexamic acid competitively inhibits activation of plasminogen hence decreasing conversion of plasminogen into plasmin (fibrinolysin), an enzyme which degrades fibrin clots, fibrinogen, and other plasma proteins, for example, procoagulant factors V and VIII. Tranexamic acid also directly inhibits plasmin action, but higher doses are needed than are required to cut back plasmin formation. Side effects Tranexamic acid can cause unwanted effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or don’t go off: Headache Fatigue Sinus pain Spine pain Stomach pain Bone, jointpain or muscle soreness Some side effects may be severe like Infection Rash Itching Trouble swallowing or breathing swelling of the face, tongue, throat, lips, eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs Hoarseness Changes in eyesight, such as colour vision Chest pain shortness of breath Leg swelling, swelling, tenderness, redness, or heat Contraindications Transamin is contraindicated in the following medical conditions It is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity and allergic reaction to this drugs or any other excipients. Active thromboembolic disease. Fibrinolytic states following consumption coagulopathy. Severe renal impairment due to danger of accumulation. Tranexamic acid in pregnancy & breast-feeding It’s not understood if tranexamic acid will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you’re pregnant or intend to become pregnant while using this medicine. Tranexamic acid may pass into breast milk and might harm a nursing baby. Don’t use this medicine without telling your doctor if you’re breast-feeding a infant. Drug interactions Tell your doctor about all other Medications you use, especially: Hormonal birth control (like birth control pills, implants, injections, skin spots, and vaginal rings); Any kind of medication to cure a bleeding event or a blood clot; or factor IX (Bebulin VH, Konyne 80, Profilnine SD, Proplex T, and many others ). Chemotherapy medicine to treat leukemia; Tretinoin It may interact with Acetaminophen, Albuterol, Ascorbic acid, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Cyclobenzaprine, Diazepam, Diphenhydramine, Epinephrine and Esomeprazole. This is not a complete list of interactions. Consult your GP before using Transamin with other drugs. Tranaxemic acid (Transamin) Dose Oral route: Usual Dose: 1-2 capsules (250 mg) 3 times per day or one tab (500 milligrams ) 3-4 times each day. Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding): 4 capsules or two tablets (1 g) 3 times each day beginning on the 1st day of the interval for days of heavy stream. Dose for intravenous or intramuscular injection is 2-10 amps (10-50 ml) (500-2500 milligrams ) are awarded by Intravenous drip infusion, if needed. The dose hasn’t been established in pediatric patients. It might be dangerous for the child. It’s always important to completely understand the protection of the medication before using. Please consult with your physician or pharmacist to learn more.

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Gentamicin (Gentalek): Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Dosage

Gentamicin (Gentalek) is a wide spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic that’s quite effective against aerobicgram-negative rods. Gentamicin can also be utilized in conjunction with other antibiotics to treat infections brought on by gram positive organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and particular species of streptococci. Furthermore, gentamicin is employed together with a penicillin antibiotic to treat endocarditis(disease of the heart). Precautions Before utilizing gentamicin, tell your health care provider or pharmacist if you’re allergic to it or into other aminoglycoside antibiotics (eg, tobramycin, amikacin); even in case you have any allergies. This could contain inactive ingredients (like sulfites), which may lead to allergic reactions or other issues. Speak with your pharmacist for additional information. Before having surgery, tell your health care provider or dentist about all of the products that you use (such as prescription medications , nonprescription medications, and herbal products). Gentamicin might cause reside bacterial vaccines (for example, typhoid vaccine) not to do the job too. Don’t have some immunizations/vaccinations whilst using this medicine unless your doctor tells you to. Older adults may be more sensitive to the consequences of the medication, particularly kidney harm. How It Work Gentamicin (Gentalek) kills bacteria (bactericidal) by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial proteins. Gentamicin irreversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunits. This binding interferes with the creation of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the subsequent creation of nonfunctional proteins and the eventual death of susceptible bacteria. Gentamicin (Gentalek) Injection Side-effects Listed below are a listing of Common side-effects which might happen from all constituting elements of Gentalek Injection. This isn’t a comprehensive listing. All these side-effects are potential, but don’t necessarily happen. A few of the side-effects could be infrequent but severe. Ask your health care provider if you see any of the subsequent side-effects, particularly if they don’t go away. Nephrotoxicity Inflammation of mouth or lips Vertigo Dizziness Hearing loss Skin tingling Tinnitus Roaring in the ears Muscle twitching Numbness Gentamicin (Gentalek) In Pregnancy & Breast Feeding This medicine isn’t recommended to be used through pregnancy. Though there were reports of injury in babies born to women with comparable medications, the danger of injury might not be exactly the same with this medication. This medication passes into breast feeding milk in tiny quantities. But many physicians consider breastfeeding secure whilst using this medicine. Ask your physician prior to breastfeeding. Interactions Some medications and gentamicin (Gentalek) can interfere with one another. These include: Diuretics such as frusemide; Anticancer drugs like cisplatin; Antibiotics Vitamin K; Any medication that might lead to kidney or hearing problems; Amphotericin, an anti-fungal medicine; Muscle relaxants like suxamethonium. Anaesthetics like halothane; Dose This will be dependent on your age, weight, type of disease as well as how well your kidneys are functioning. On the other hand, the typical adult dose of Gentamicin Injection is 60-80mg daily for 7-10 days. Laboratory tests (for instance, kidney feature, levels of medication from the bloodstream ) can be conducted to help get the ideal dose for your situation. If you’re giving (Gentalek) to yourself in your home, find out all preparation and usage instructions from the healthcare professional. If either is present, don’t use the liquid. Find out how to store and discard medical equipment safely.

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