Hypertension (high blood pressure) is outlined as having a blood pressure reading of over 140/90 mmHg over a number of weeks. Our blood pressures change all the time throughout the day, therefore your doctor is trying to make sure that your hypertensive reading isn’t simply a natural event.
Hypertension Is The Leading Cause Of Cardiovascular Disease And In The United States Alone There Are More Then 75 Million People Have Hypertension.
Lowering raised blood pressure decreases the risk of stroke, coronary events, heart failure, and renal impairment.
Normal Blood Pressure According To Age:
1) Age 60 or more healthy Person Your BP treatment Goal Should be At least less than 150/90 mmHg
2) Age Less Than 60 years You need to control Your Blood Pressure In less than 140/90 mmHg.
3) Ideal Blood Pressure Is 120/80 mmHg.
How To Control Blood Pressure With Out Using Medicines:
If you have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, you can follow a few simple steps to learn how to change your lifestyle, your diet,to treat hypertension.
1) Changing Your Life Style:
- Reduce Smoking.
- Increase Exercise.
- Reduce Stress.
2) Changing Your Diet:
- Reduce Sodium Intake.
- Eat More Whole Grains.
- Increase Vegetable And Fruit Intake.
- Avoid Alcoholic Beverages.
- Control Sugar.
Drugs Used In Hypertension:
Diuretics
| Generic | Brand |
| Amiloride | Midamor |
| Cholrthalidone | Hygroton |
| Bumetonide | Bumex |
| Ethacrynic Acid | Edecrin |
| Furosemide | Lasix |
| Eplerenone | Inspra |
| Hydrochlorthiazide | Microzide |
| Indipamide | Lozol |
| Torsemide | Demadex |
| Spironolactone | Aldactone |
Angiotensin 2 Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
| Generic | Brand |
| Candesartan | Atacand |
| Irbesartan | Avapro |
| Eprosartan | Teveten |
| Azilsartan Medoxomil | Edarbi |
| Losartan | Coozar |
| Olmesartan | Benicar |
| Valsartan | Diovan |
| Telmisartan | Micardis |
ACE inhibitors
| Generic | Brand |
| Captopril | Capoten |
| Benzapril | Lotensin |
| Fosinopril | Monopril |
| Enalapril | Vasotec |
| Lisinopril | Zestril |
| Quinapril | Accupril |
| Moexipril | Univasc |
| Ramipril | Altace |
| Trandolapril | Mavik |
Beta Blockers
| Generic | Brands |
| Atenolol | Tenormin |
| Acebutolol | Sectral |
| Bisoprolol | Zebeta |
| Betaxolol | Kerlone |
| Labetolol | Trandate |
| Carvedolol | Coreg |
| Nadolol | Trandate |
| Metoprolol | Lopressor |
| Pindolol | Visken |
| Penbutolol | Levatol |
Alpha Blockers
| Generic | Brand |
| Doxazosin | Cardura |
| Prazosin | Minipress |
| Terazosin | Hytrin |
Calcium Channel Blockers
| Generic | Brands |
| Nicardipine | Cardene |
| Isradipine | Dynacirc CR |
| Nifedipine | Adalat |
| Nisoldipine | Sular |
| Verapamil | Calan,Isoptin |
| Amlopdipine | Norvasc |
| Clevidipine | Cleviprex |
| Diltiazem | Cardizem |
| Felodipine | Plendil |
Others
| Generic | Brand |
| Hydralazine | Apresoline |
| Clonidine | Catapres |
| Fenoldopam | Corlopam |
| Minoxidil | Aldomet |
| Nitroprusside | Nitropress |
| Minoxidil | Loniten |
Treatment Strategies for hypertension /High Blood Pressure:
A single antihypertensive is commonly inadequate in the management of high blood pressure, and extra antihypertensive medication is sometimes added in a step-wise manner until control is achieved. Unless it’s necessary to lower the pressure level urgently, an interval of at least four weeks should be allowed to see response; clinicians should guarantee antihypertensive drugs are titrated to the optimum or maximum tolerated dose at every step of treatment. Response to drug treatment could also be affected by age and ethnicity.
Patients under 55 years:
1) ACE inhibitor; if not tolerated, offer an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist. If both ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-II receptor antagonists are contraindicated or not tolerated, consider a beta-blocker; beta-blockers, especially when combined with a thiazide diuretic, should be avoided for the routine treatment of uncomplicated hypertension in patients with diabetes or at high risk of developing diabetes
2) ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist in combination with a calcium-channel blocker. If a calcium-channel blocker is not tolerated or if there is evidence of, or a high risk of, Congestive heart failure, give a thiazide-related diuretic (e.g.indapamide or chlorthalidone). If a beta-blocker was given at Step 1, add a calcium channel blocker in preference to a thiazide- related diuretic (see Step 1)
3) ACE inhibitor or angiotensin-II receptor antagonist in combination with a calcium-channel blocker and a thiazide-related diuretic
4 (Resistant hypertension). Consider seeking specialist advice. Add low-dose spironolactone [unlicensed indication], or use high-dose thiazide related diuretic if plasma- potassium concentration More Than 4.5 mmol/liter . Monitor renal function and electrolytes. If additional diuretic therapy is contra-indicated, ineffective, or not tolerated, consider an a beta-blocker or alpha-blocker.
Patients over 55 years:
1 . Calcium-channel blocker; if not tolerated or if there is evidence of, or a high risk of, heart failure, give a thiazide-related diuretic (e.g. chlortalidone or indapamide)
2 .ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist in combination with a calcium-channel blocker and a thiazide-related diuretic.
3.(Resistant hypertension). Consider seeking specialist advice. Add low-dose spironolactone [unlicensed indication], or use high-dose thiazide related diuretic if plasma- potassium concentration More Than 4.5 mmol/liter . Monitor renal function and electrolytes. If additional diuretic therapy is contra-indicated, ineffective, or not tolerated, consider an a beta-blocker or alpha-blocker.
Sources:
- British National Formulary (BNF)
- Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Pharmacology.