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Why is Antibiotic Resistance so Important? Antibiotic resistance will result in a severe bacterial infection and Is the Biggest Threat To World Health. One reason bacterium have become resistant is as a result of antibiotics are typically not suitably used for a health problem caused by a virus. an antibiotic cannot cure a virus infection. Examples of diseases that are caused by a virus include most:coughs,sore throats,colds and runny noses,sinusitis,bronchitis, the flu. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, about half of the antibiotic prescriptions handed to patients don’t seem to be optimal: they will be prescribed once no antibiotic is needed, there is an incorrect dose, or the length of treatment is wrong. Talk to your doctor concerning your health problem, discuss whether or not it’s a bacterial or viral illness, and ask if you actually need an antibiotic. Antibiotics are typically linked with side effects — like rash or diarrhoea — you would possibly prefer to avoid, if possible. you can treat most viral diseases with simple treatments to ease your symptoms, and, like most viral diseases, be better in a very few days to a week.   How Do Bacteria Become immune to Antibiotics? The mechanism of bacterial resistance could happen in many ways: Bacteria is also able to “pump” the antibiotic out of the cell Bacteria can neutralize the antibiotic before it’s an effect Bacteria might change the site of action (or receptor) wherever the antibiotic commonly works Bacteria can change and transfer genetic material to other bacteria. Common antibiotic-resistant bacterium include staph aureus (serious skin infections) and mycobacterium tuberculosis(tuberculosis of the lungs). Resistant bacteria will spread from human-to-human in healthcare facilities and throughout the community. In addition, stock and crops will contribute to the speading of microorganism resistance. Animals get antibiotics and might develop drug-resistant bacteria. These same resistant bacterium will transfer to crops via animal fecal matter contaminated fertilizer or water, that the human then consumes. The resistant bacteria keep within the human gut and might be spread within the community. salmonella and Campylobacter are the first organisms changing into resistant in animals which will transfer to humans. Antibiotics Resistance What You Can Do? Only Use Antibiotics When Prescribed By A Certified Health Practitioner. Always Take The Full Dose Even If You Feel Better. Never Use Left Over Antibiotics Never Share Antibiotics With Others Prevent Infection By Regularly Washing Your Hands,Avoiding Contact With Sick People And Keeping Your Vaccinations Up to Date.  

• Some foods and medicines will change the colour of your pee. For example, beets will make it blood-red or dark brown, asparagus will make it green, and carrots will flip it orange. certain antacids will turn your pee a shade of blue, and a few chemotherapy medicines will make it orange. typically an uncommon color are often a signal of a pathological state. talk to your doctor if your pee suddenly changes color and you’re unsure why. • If you see blood in your pee. It could be caused by something fairly harmless, like exhausting exercise or medication. Or it should be a signal of something more serious like renal disorder, an enlarged prostate, bladder cancer, or sickle cell anemia. • Foods, vitamins, and drugs will all change the way your pee smells. for example, asparagus causes an ammonia-like odor for some individuals. Your pee additionally might smell stronger if you don’t drink enough water otherwise you take vitamin B-6 supplements. however some health conditions will do it, too. Diabetes, bladder infections, kidney infections, and liver failure will all change the approach your pee smells. seek advice from your doctor if there’s a sharp change and it doesn’t depart. • If your pee is extremely dark, something could be occurring with one of these organs. an excessive amount of of certain medicine, like Panadol (Tylenol), will cause problems. And cancer, a stone blocking the way to your gallbladder, viruses like hepatitis C, and different illness will, too. These problems will cause your body to form a yellow fluid known as bilirubin that turns your pee terribly dark. And it will leak of your liver and into your blood and create your skin and eyes turn yellow (this is named jaundice). Blood and pee tests will measure your level of bilirubin. • If you have got one of these, your pee could also be red or dark-brown or have spots of red in it. Or it would be green or cloudy and have a powerful smell. UTIs typically happen as a result of bacteria has gotten into your bladder or your urethra, the tube that carries pee out of your body. Your doctor will take a look at a sample of your pee to search out out if you have got one. If you do, it can be treated with antibiotics. • If your pee appearance dark and you’re not going as often as usual, that would mean you don’t have enough water in your body. you also may feel tired, nauseated, or groggy. Your doctor might take a look at a sample of your pee to see what proportion water is in it. • A chemical strip from a pharmacy pregnancy kit will take a look at a woman’s urine for a hormone that may only be there if she’s pregnant (it’s known as human chorionic gonadotropic hormone or hCG). The results are possibly to be accurate 5 to 10 days after a missed period. • Hyperglycemia occurs once you have an excessive amount of sugar (glucose) in your blood. High levels of glucose can also show up in your pee. you cannot tell by looking at it, however your doctor will check by testing a sample. It are often a signal of diabetes and might result in heart condition, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, and other issues. • Foamy pee will mean you have got a lot of protein in your pee than normal. this is often the earliest sign of this disease, that is the leading cause of kidney failure. It damages your kidneys’ little blood vessels. That leads your body to carry on to more salt, water, and waste in your blood than it should. Your doctor will take a look at your pee for a protein known as albumin to seek out out if you have got it. • If you can’t go otherwise you feel like you have to go typically however don’t pee much when you do, that may mean something is keeping it from coming out. you’ll additionally see blood in your urine, or it would look cloudy. A blockage are often caused by an enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder cancer, or blood clots, among different conditions.  

A person with Alzheimer’s disease could start to remove themselves from hobbies, social activities, work projects or sports. they will have trouble maintaining with a favourite sports team or remembering the way to complete a favourite hobby. they will additionally avoid being social as a result of the changes they have experienced. One of the foremost common signs of Alzheimer’s disease is amnesia, particularly forgetting recently learned data. Others include forgetting vital dates or events; requesting the same info over and over; increasingly eager to accept memory aids (e.g., reminder notes or electronic devices) or members of the family for things they wont to handle on their own. People with Alzheimer’s disease usually realize it exhausting to complete daily tasks. Sometimes, individuals may have trouble driving to a well-recognized location, managing a budget at work or remembering the principles of a favourite game. Some individuals could experience changes in their ability to develop and follow an idea or work with numbers. they will have trouble following a well-recognized instruction or keeping track of monthly bills. they will have a problem concentrating and take for much longer to do things than they did before. People with Alzheimer’s disease will lose track of dates, seasons and therefore the passage of time. they will have hassle understanding something if it’s not happening instantly. sometimes they will forget wherever they’re or how they got there. The mood and personalities of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease can change. they’ll become confused, suspicious, depressed, fearful or anxious. they will be simply upset at home, at work, with friends or in places wherever they’re out of their comfort zone. People with Alzheimer’s could have trouble following or joining an oral communication. they will stop in the middle of a speech and have no plan how to continue or they will repeat themselves. they will struggle with vocabulary, have issues finding the correct word or decision things by the incorrect name. For some individuals, having vision issues may be a sign of Alzheimer’s disease. they may have problem reading, judgment distance and determining color or distinction, which can cause problems with driving. People with Alzheimer’s disease could experience changes in judgment or decision-making. for instance, they will use poor judgment when handling cash, giving massive amounts to telemarketers. they will pay less attention to grooming or keeping themselves clean. A person with Alzheimer’s disease could place things in unusual places. they will lose things and be unable to travel back over their steps to seek out them again. Sometimes, they will accuse others of stealing. this could occur more often over time.  

These are alkaline drugs which neutralize the gastric acid to form salts.Sodium, magnesium, and aluminum compounds are commonly used as antacids. Sodium Bicarbonate acts quickly but has a significant absorption from GIt.Thus It can Cause alkalosis with its prolonged use especially in patients with renal failure.Magnesium compounds such magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide act quickly to neutralize the acid, but they tend to cause diarrhea.Aluminium hydroxide is an effective antacid but it causes constipation.Thus, in antacid mixtures, magnesium and aluminum compounds are used in combination to prevent diarrhea or constipation. Common types of antacids: Sodium bicarbonate Magnesium carbonate Magnesium trisilicate Magnesium hydroxide Aluminium hydroxide Calcium carbonate Mechanism Of Action: Antacids work by counteracting (neutralizing) the acid on your stomach. They do this because the chemical compounds in antacids are bases (alkalis) that are the opposite of acids. A reaction among an acid and base is referred to as neutralization. This neutralization makes the stomach contents much less corrosive. This can assist to alleviate the pain related to ulcers and the burning sensation in acid reflux disease. Side effects: Though Side effects associated with antacid are very low, sometimes they can cause: flatulence diarrhea or constipation feeling sick or vomiting stomach cramps Uses: Antacids can be used to prevent ulcer symptoms, Thus they are used initially to relieve the discomfort of the patient. It can also be used in Peptic ulcer disease if given in sufficient amount for a sufficient period of time It Can Also be used to neutralize stomach acid and used in Dyspepsia. Also used to reduce symptoms of Gastro Esophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Nitroglycerin is in a class of Prescription medications called vasodilators. It works by relaxing the blood vessels so the heart does not need to work as hard and therefore does not need as much oxygen. Nitroglycerin are used to treat and prevent episodes of angina in indiviuals who have coronary artery disease (narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart). It is also used just before activities that may cause episodes of angina in order to prevent the angina from occurring. This drug works by relaxing the smooth muscle and blood vessels in your body. This increases the amount of blood and oxygen that reaches your heart. In turn, your heart works less hard. This reduces chest pain. This drug may lower your blood presure and orthostatic hypotension. Nitroglycerin sublingual tablet is available as both a generic and brand-name drug. Brand names: Nitrostat,Nitromist,Nitroquick,Nitrolingual,Nitro-Dur,Minitran,Nitro-Bid etc It was granted FDA approval in 1938. Side effects  Common side effects include: lightneadedness headache Other side effects include: Sweating a lot Nausea Vomiting Blurred vision Fainting Dry mouth Fast or slow heart beat Serious side effects: Low Blood pressure Flushing of the head and neck can occur. Pregnancy and Nitroglycerin: Nitroglycerin falls into category C. No animal studies have been conducted with nitroglycerin transdermal patches. No well-controlled studies have been conducted in pregnant women. Nitroglycerin should only be given to a pregnant woman if clearly needed.   Dosage For angina pectoris prophylaxis: SUBLINGUAL TABLET: 0.3 to 0.6 mg sublingually or in the buccal pouch 5 to 10 minutes prior to engaging in activities that might precipitate an acute attack . For Myocardial Infarction 5 mcg/min continuous IV infusion via non-absorptive tubing; increase by 5 mcg/min every 3 to 5 minutes as needed up to 20 mcg/min, then by 10 or 20 mcg/min if needed